The modal adverb 到底
The modal adverb (语气副词) expresses subjective judgment or assurance toward an action.
The adverb is placed before a predicate. It has several meanings: 1) "finally". This meaning indicates that an action was completed after a long wait.
Pay attention
In this case, 到底 has a similar meaning to . However, 到底 emphasizes that it took some effort to complete an action.
Examples
我们到底成功了
We finally did it!
wǒmen dàodǐ chénggōng le
写了很长时间,到底写完了
It took me a long time to write, but I finally finished
xiě le hěn cháng shíjiān, dàodǐ xiě wán le
2) "in the end". This meaning is used in interrogative sentences to get an answer from someone. It often has a negative connotation.
Examples
你到底对她说了什么?
What exactly did you say to her?
nǐ dàodǐ duì tā shuō le shénme
他到底去不去?
Is he going or not?
tā dàodǐ qù bú qù
3) "after all". This meaning indicates either a reason or an argument for something.
Examples
到底是年轻人,当然没有累
Of course you're not tired, you're young after all
dàodǐ shì niánqīng rén, dāngrán méiyǒu lèi
到底是医生,一看就知道有什么病
She is a doctor after all, so she knows what's wrong at a glance
tā dàodǐ shì yīshēng, yí kàn jiù zhīdào yǒu shénme bìng
4) "to the end, to the last". This meaning emphasizes that an action should be completed from the beginning to the end.
Pay attention
In this meaning, 到底 is placed after a predicate expressed by a verb.
Examples
请把这顿饭吃到底
Please finish your meal
qǐng bǎ zhè dùn fàn chī dàodǐ
我必须把此事一查到底
I have to get to the bottom of it
wǒ bìxū bǎ cǐ shì yì chá dàodǐ
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