Conjunctions expressing “besides” 并, 并且 and 而且
A coordinating conjunction (联合连接词) is a conjunction that connects words, phrases, and clauses that are coordinate, or equal to each other.
The conjunction 并且
When a sentence has two or more predicates of equal importance expressed by verbs or adjectives, we can use the conjunction to connect them. These predicates are called homogeneous predicates.
Pay attention
Homogeneous predicates are predicates that refer to the same subject.
If there are more than two homogeneous predicates, we should state 并且 before the last one.
Scheme
subject
predicate 1
并且
predicate 2
Examples
他教音乐,并且作曲
He teaches music. Moreover he composes by himself
tā jiào yīnyuè bìngqiĕ zuòqŭ
她聪明并且用功
She's smart and hardworking
tā cōngmíng bìngqiě yònggōng
We also can shorten 并且 to 并.
Examples
我同意并持你的决定
I agree and support your decision
wǒ tóngyì bìng zhīchí nǐ de juédìng
The conjunction 而且
The conjunction has a similar meaning. However it can connect not only homogeneous members of a sentence, but also parts of a compound sentence.
Examples
她是一个漂亮的姑娘,年轻、有趣而且聪明
She is a beautiful, young, funny and smart girl
tā shì yí ge piàoliang de gūniang, niánqīng, yǒuqù érqiě cōngmíng
旅馆人员友好而且照顾周到
The hotel staff is friendly and attentive
lǚguǎn rényuán yǒuhǎo érqiě zhàogù zhōudào
以前这儿更凉爽,而且空气中有潮气
It used to be cooler here, and the air was humid
yǐqián zhèr gèng liángshuǎng, érqiě kōngqì zhòng yǒu cháoqì
We mostly use 而且 in the construction of .
Examples
他不但在学校里教书,而且还写小说
He not only teaches at the school, but also writes novels
tā búdàn zài xuéxiào lǐ jiāoshū, érqiě hái xiě xiǎoshuō
In written speech we use 且 instead of 而且.
Examples
网络服务总是最现代的随时可以用
Web services are not only always the most modern, but also we can use them anytime
wǎngluò fúwù zǒngshì zuì xiàndài de qiě suíshí kěyǐ yòng
他说话难听,少言寡语
He is not only harsh but also untalkative
tā shuōhuà nántīng, qiě shǎo yán guǎ yǔ
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