The difference between 包括 and 包含
The verbs 包括 and 包含 have a similar meaning “to include", "to contain”.
The verb 包括
We use the verb to indicate that the object belongs to a group or a list. We should use this verb with specific objects.
Pay attention
After 包括, you can state all or some of the objects that belong to the group or list.
Examples
大学里的专业包括英语、法语和国际贸易等
Majors at the university include English, French and International Trade
dàxué lǐ de zhuānyè bāokuò yīngyǔ, fǎyǔ hé guójì màoyì děng
症状包括头痛和咽喉疼痛
Symptoms include headaches and sore throats
zhèngzhuàng bāokuò tóutòng hé yānhóu téngtòng
任何人都能缝钮扣,包括
Anyone can sew a button, including you
rènhé rén dōu néng féng niǔkòu, bāokuò nǐ
The verb 包含
We use the verb to indicate internal contents. For example, the content of a text. We usually use this verb with abstract phenomena.
Examples
他说的话虽然简单,可是包含的道理却很深刻
Although what he said was simple, the meaning contained in his words was profound
tā shuō de huà suīrán jiǎndān, kěshì bāohán de dàoli què hěn shēnkè
这篇文章包含着许多想法
This article contains many ideas
zhè piān wénzhāng bāohánzhe xǔduō xiǎngfǎ
信内包含重要的消息
The letter contains important information
xìnnèi bāohán zhòngyào de xiāoxi
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